Figure 2: Effect of periodontitis on diabetes mellitus. AGEs: Advanced glycation end products, ECM: Extracellular matrix, IL: Interleukins, TNF α: Tumour necrosis factor-α, LPS: Lipopolysaccharides, PGE2: Prostaglandin E2, ROS: Reactive oxygen species, RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, OPG: Osteoprotegrin, GLUT 4: Glucose transporter-4